Drowning was the leading cause of death among 1-4 year-olds in 2000 (FL Department of Heath) Drownings for children less than five years old in Florida are more than double the national average and are higher than any other state in the nation. More than two-thirds of these deaths occurred in swimming pools. Near drowning injuries in swimming pools are of particular concern for little children. Lack of oxygen to the brain may result in severe mental retardation and developmental delays. For every child that drowns, another four are hospitalized and 16 receive emergency care for near drowning. (Center for Disease Control) Among children ages one to four years old, most drownings and near drownings occur in residential swimming pools. Children drowning in residential pools are usually out of sight for less than five minutes and were in the care of one or both parents. Bathtub drownings are most common in children younger than one-year-old (University of Pennsylvania Medical Center). A majority of bathtub drowning victims drown during a brief (less than five minute lapse) in adult supervision. Buckets, pails (five gallon buckets and diaper pails), ice chests with melted ice, toilets, hot tubs, spas and whirlpools, irrigation ditches, post holes and wells, fish ponds, and fountains also pose threats to young children. Children must be watched by an adult at all times when in or near water. Adults must stay within an arm's length of children when they are in the water. Children may drown in an inch or two of water.